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Structured dataAdvanced

Schema graph

A schema graph connects your structured data entities with @id references so the site describes one coherent set of things.

Instead of isolated blocks, a schema graph uses a single @graph array in which each entity, such as the Organization, WebSite, WebPage and Article, has an @id and refers to the others. The result is a connected model of what the page and site are.

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Why connect them

A reference like publisher pointing at the Organization's @id says plainly that the article's publisher is that company, without repeating its details on every page.

{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[
  {"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://example.com/#org","name":"Example"},
  {"@type":"Article","headline":"...","publisher":{"@id":"https://example.com/#org"}}
]}

Keep IDs stable

Use the same @id for the same entity across all pages, and make sure each ID is a unique identifier, not necessarily a live URL.

Common mistakes

Duplicating the Organization on every page with different details

Conflicting copies defeat the point of a graph.

Frequently Asked Questions

No. Simple standalone blocks are valid. A graph helps on larger sites with many linked entities.

Keep reading

  • @id and Entity Linking in JSON-LD: The @id keyword gives a JSON-LD entity a stable identifier so other markup can reference it, linking pages, authors and organizations into one graph.
  • Nested vs Flat Schema: Nested schema places related entities inside one another, while flat schema lists them side by side in an @graph linked by @id references.
  • JSON-LD: JSON-LD is a JSON-based format for structured data, placed in a script tag, and it is the format Google recommends for Schema.org markup.
  • Organization Schema: Organization schema describes a company in structured data: name, logo, URL, contact details and official profiles, usually placed on the homepage.
  • ClaimReview Schema: ClaimReview schema marks up a fact check of a specific claim. Google retired fact check rich results in Search in 2025, though the markup remains valid.
  • Dataset Schema: Dataset schema describes a published dataset with name, description, license and download links, making it discoverable in Google Dataset Search.
  • DefinedTerm Schema: DefinedTerm schema marks up a word or phrase with a formal definition, and DefinedTermSet groups terms into a glossary, vocabulary or taxonomy.
  • ItemList Schema: ItemList schema describes an ordered or unordered list of items, and Google uses it with certain content types to show carousels of results from one site.

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